Selection Criteria
① Original Material Shape: Granules, powder, microparticles, sludge, crystals, liquid, paste, suspension, solution, continuous flakes, thick plates, irregular materials (small or large), viscous or lumpy, etc.
② Average Output: Feed rate or finished product for continuous operation, feed rate or finished product for intermittent operation, and its adjustment range, etc.
③ Finished Product Particle Condition: Average particle size, particle size distribution, particle density, bulk density, rehydration properties, etc.
④ Material Inlet and Outlet Moisture Content: Dry basis, wet basis.
⑤ Material Properties: Chemical, biochemical, microbial activity, thermosensitivity (melting point, glass transition temperature), hygroscopic isotherm (equilibrium moisture content), etc.
⑥ Drying Time: Influence of drying curve and operating parameters.
⑦ Heater Type: Contact method (direct, indirect).
⑧ Fuel Selection: Steam, coal, electricity, oil, natural gas.
⑨ Drying Auxiliary Equipment: Fans, dry dust collectors, wet dust collectors, feeders, dischargers, finished product cooling and conveying devices, etc. ⑩ Special Requirements: Materials, corrosivity, toxicity, non-aqueous solutions, flammability and explosiveness limits, ignition point, color, structure, and aroma requirements.
⑩ Drying System: Floor space occupied by drying equipment and auxiliary equipment.
Equipment Installation and Commissioning Process and General Requirements
Unpacking and Acceptance: Upon arrival of new equipment, the equipment management department, together with the purchasing unit and the user unit (or receiving unit), shall conduct an unpacking and acceptance inspection. Check for any damage or loss during transportation, and verify that accessories, spare parts, special tools, technical documents, etc., match the contract and packing list. An equipment unpacking and acceptance form shall be completed and filed in the equipment file. Any missing or non-conforming items should be immediately addressed with the relevant units for handling, obtaining, or claiming compensation.
Equipment Installation and Construction: According to the equipment process layout plan, installation construction drawings, foundation drawings, equipment outline dimensions, and spacing requirements drawn by the process technology department, mark the equipment's location and organize foundation construction and equipment handling and placement. When designing the equipment process layout plan, the following factors should be considered for equipment positioning.
(1) It should adapt to the needs of the process flow.
(2) It should facilitate the storage, transportation, and on-site cleaning of workpieces.
(3) The external dimensions of the equipment and its auxiliary devices, the limit positions of moving parts, and the safety distances.
(4) It should ensure the safety requirements for equipment installation, maintenance, and operation.
(5) The workshop and equipment should be matched, including the width and height of the doors, the span and height of the workshop, etc.
In accordance with the relevant specifications for the installation and acceptance of mechanical equipment, the equipment should be properly leveled to ensure stable installation, reduce vibration, avoid deformation, ensure processing accuracy, and prevent unreasonable wear. Technical briefings should be conducted before installation, and construction personnel should carefully study the relevant technical data of the equipment, understand the equipment performance and safety requirements, and matters to be addressed during construction.
During the installation process, the construction of the foundation, assembly connections, electrical wiring, etc., should be strictly carried out in accordance with the construction specifications. If there are special requirements such as constant temperature, vibration prevention, dust prevention, moisture prevention, and fire prevention in the installation process, measures should be taken, and the construction of the project can only proceed after the conditions are met.
Equipment Trial Run
Equipment trial run can generally be divided into three types: no-load test, load test, and precision test.
(1) No-load test: This test assesses the equipment's installation accuracy, stability, and the normal operation, sensitivity, and reliability of its transmission, control, lubrication, and hydraulic systems under no-load conditions. A certain period of no-load operation is an essential break-in step before new equipment is put into use.
(2) Load test: This test involves testing the equipment under several standard load conditions, and in some cases, additional tests. During the load test, the bearing temperature rise should be checked according to specifications, and the hydraulic system, transmission, control, and safety devices should be assessed to ensure they meet factory standards and are normal, safe, and reliable. Trial runs under different load conditions are also necessary for the break-in of new equipment, and the quality of these tests greatly affects the equipment's lifespan.
(3) Precision test: This test should generally be conducted after the load test according to the instruction manual. It checks both the geometric precision of the equipment itself and the precision of the workpiece (processed product). This test is usually conducted two months after the equipment is put into use.
Post-operation work:
First, disconnect the main circuit and power source of the equipment. Then, perform the following equipment checks and record-keeping:
(1) After break-in, clean, lubricate, and tighten the equipment. Replace or repair faulty parts and perform debugging to bring the equipment to its optimal operating condition.
(2) Prepare and organize inspection records for the equipment's geometric accuracy and machining accuracy, as well as test records for other functions.
(3) Organize records of the equipment's trial operation (including troubleshooting).
(4) For problems that cannot be adjusted, analyze the causes and summarize them from aspects such as equipment design, manufacturing, transportation, storage, and installation.
(5) Make an evaluation conclusion on the equipment's operation, provide handling opinions, complete the handover procedures, and indicate the personnel and dates of participation in the trial operation.
Acceptance and handover of the equipment installation project.
(1) The construction acceptance of the equipment foundation shall be conducted by the construction department's quality inspector together with the civil engineering construction worker, and a construction acceptance form shall be filled out. The construction quality of the foundation must meet the foundation drawings and technical requirements.
(2) The final acceptance of the equipment installation project shall be carried out after the equipment has passed the debugging. The equipment management department and process technology department, together with other departments and relevant personnel from installation, inspection, safety, and use, shall conduct acceptance inspection, make an assessment, and fill out certificates such as installation and construction quality, precision inspection, safety performance, and trial operation records, as well as an acceptance and handover form. The acceptance and handover form shall be signed by all parties involved in the acceptance inspection before completion.
(3) After the equipment passes acceptance inspection, the handover procedures shall be completed. The equipment unpacking acceptance (or equipment installation and handover acceptance form), equipment operation test record, and accompanying technical documents shall be signed by all parties involved in the acceptance inspection and included in the equipment file management by the equipment management department. Accessories and spare parts accompanying the equipment shall be recorded on a spare parts warehousing form and sent to the equipment warehouse for safekeeping. The safety management department shall establish a file on safety issues during installation and testing.
(4) After the equipment handover is completed, the equipment management department shall sign the equipment commissioning notice and send copies to the equipment management department, the user unit, the finance department, and the production management department respectively, as a basis for archiving, notification of commencement of use, fixed asset management, and assessment of the project plan.
